Title: EU Data Protection & PETs · Jurisdiction · EthSystems

URL Source: https://original.es-internal.pages.dev/jurisdictions/eu-data-protection/

Markdown Content:
---
description: GDPR (personal-data processing) and DORA (ICT resilience and incident reporting) apply to crypto entities alongside MiCA. The live tension for builders is personal data on immutable ledgers: erasure rights and the anonymisation-vs-pseudonymisation line are being actively clarified by the EDPB. Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) such as zero-knowledge proofs and selective disclosure are increasingly discussed as ways to reconcile data protection with on-chain transparency.
title: EU Data Protection & PETs · Jurisdiction · EthSystems
image: https://original.es-internal.pages.dev/og.png
---

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#### Key regulations

* GDPR (Reg. (EU) 2016/679)
* DORA (Reg. (EU) 2022/2554)
* MiCA (Reg. (EU) 2023/1114)

#### Entities

* CASPs
* custodians
* exchanges
* wallet providers

#### Activities

* custody
* KYC/AML
* data processing
* cross-border transfers

> Developer orientation. Not legal advice.

## What to Watch

* Anonymisation vs pseudonymisation classification (EDPB Guidelines 01/2025), which determines whether GDPR applies.
* Right-to-erasure vs ledger immutability (EDPB Guidelines 02/2025).
* Divergent Member-State views on whether PETs satisfy AML record-keeping.

## See also

* [GDPR (Reg. (EU) 2016/679) – EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj)
* [EDPB Guidelines on Blockchain & Pseudonymisation](https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/general-guidance/guidelines-recommendations-best-practices%5Fen)
* [Jurisdiction: EU / MiCA](/jurisdictions/eu-MiCA/)

Also in Europe

* [DE / eWpG (Electronic Securities Act)](/jurisdictions/de-ewpg/)
* [EU / MiCA](/jurisdictions/eu-mica/)

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